Bilingual Education in United State History Essay

Bilingual Education in United State History - Essay Example The influx of persons in the United States contributed a lot in shaping the policies that determined the Bilingual Education policy. The country witnessed many groups of people into the country like the natives, immigrants, and displaced people as a result of the World Wars amongst others. In this context, therefore, there was a dire need to lay procedures in place that would incorporate all these persons in the policies that surround Bilingual Education. In the colonial phase, the Bilingual Education schools, established before 1800, were not public and were mainly parochial schools. At this time, a great number of immigrants from Germany and France made a great initiative to come up with the Bilingual schools. Studies indicate that in these schools, English was taught amongst other subjects. Teipelke (p.1) indicates that these schools cannot be termed as bilingual schools, and probably non English schools would be a suitable name. In the mid 1850s, a mandate was passed by the Calif ornia Instruction Bureau that all schools should teach all subjects in English. By the 1870s, attempts to advance English in the country were seen. For instance, in St. Louis district, the school inspector, Mr. Harris, was gave the mandate to all teachers to start teaching English in kindergartens that incorporated German as the mode of instruction. In the late 1890s, the number of schools that used German as the mode of instruction recorded a downward trend. With this trend taking root in the United States, studies indicate that by the early 1900, there were numerous arguments that a good number of German immigrants needed to maintain their origins. The numbers of immigrants in the country were escalating; thus, a good number of individuals enrolled their children in German schools to acquire education in the German language. At this time, the United States had strengthened its muscle into joining the World War. Conflicts were evident among various countries. In relation to Bilingu al Education, key personalities of German origin needed complete abolition of German–English schools. In 1923, the State of Nebraska, following a court ruling, made a ruling that all schools in the state must use English as the only medium of instruction. All foreign languages were banned, and if needed to be taught, it had to be done after the 8th grade. English was made the first language of all persons in Nebraska, on the virtue that useful citizens can only be made through English. English was also made compulsory upon the basis that they would become good citizens and not jeopardize the state’s security. The period of 1927 was termed as the Farrington versus the Tokushige era. This era saw the upending of Hawaii’s restriction schools that taught foreign languages. In this era, parents of Japanese origin gave their arguments that they have the right to ensure their children access education despite the impositions that may be placed by the government. Most o f the parents argued that they are better placed to determine the kind of education their children should achieve, as compared to the government’s restriction. However, this was not bound to stop the government’s move to establish Bilingual Schools in the country. In the 1940s, the country witnessed a great expansion of the English Second Language programs. By 1963, the government had come up with Bilingual Educati

World civilizations in eighteenth century Term Paper

World civilizations in eighteenth century - Term Paper Example Therefore the workforce required for agriculture decreased and this led to a migration of this workforce to the field of industry, which in turn led to the industrial revolution. Before the industrial revolution, goods were manufactured using basic hand tools or machines in homes. The introduction of powered machinery that could mass produce goods in factories, led to the need for new markets for these goods, as well as new means of transportation to carry them. Mechanization of the textile industry coupled with improved techniques for making iron, and the invention of the steam engine, that revolutionized the transport system, in turn led to improved systems of trade and finance. Engines and machines that could do away with the physical labor of man, besides cutting down the time taken to accomplish it was a blessing indeed! Britain was the first to begin mechanized spinning and weaving because she was blessed with the moist weather conditions that helped in this industry. Besides, the fast moving streams supplied hydropower for these mills. As the economy moved from manual to machine based manufacturing, the manufacturing time was slashed and new markets were needed for these goods. The mechanization of spinning was followed in quick succession by the development of techniques for making iron. The introduction of the steam engine was the final triumph that revolutionized the transport system and increased the use of refined coal to power these steam engines. Britain being an island nation, her ports enabled her to trade in these goods and at this time Britain indeed ruled the waves. The efforts of British entrepreneurs were rewarded due to the fact that they had a large and ready market for their goods. Growing trade and commerce in... This paper shows that the thinkers wanted to bring about changes in society through the promotion of education and scientific thinking. In some European countries, a system of government called â€Å"Enlightened Despotism† came into being. Later, we are shown the need to feed the growing population, which led to a transformation in agricultural systems like improved machinery, scientific methods of breeding and introduction of new crops and crop rotation. Throughout the paper, we are given more and more information on the introduction of powered machinery that could mass produce goods in factories, led to the need for new markets for these goods, as well as new means of transportation to carry them. This paper also focuses on trade. Trade systems were dominated by those who held sway over the seas, and expansion of trade depended on the acquisition of colonies and the superiority of naval power. Swiftly from trade, the paper talks about the banking. For example, the Bank of En gland that worked as a government bank as well as a commercial operation, led to the setting up of a number of private banks throughout the country. In conclusion, we see that this industrial revolution transformed the lives of people in every stratum of British, European and American society. Building on the ideas of enlightenment of thinkers such as Voltaire and Rousseau, the eighteenth century saw the overthrow of despotic rule through the American and French revolutions and sowed the seeds of many more such upheavals in the centuries that followed.