Lord of the Flies, by William Golding - 1139 Words

Throughout Lord of the Flies emotional feelings challenge the boys along with tasks the boys need to complete to get off the island as soon as possible. When the group breaks in two, the reader is shown emotional challenges that individuals undertake prior to this event. Golding uses the breaking of the groups to show the literal breaking point, the straw that breaks the camels back. We see that several characters such as Piggy Ralph, and Simon want to be part of the group. These individuals face emotional difficulties. Through the emotional difficulties, the boys have difficulties with their concentration and grip on getting off the island. Trying to face an emotional challenge is like going through a maze. It is difficult for an†¦show more content†¦The boys stop having respect for Piggy, and immediately they having no respect for each other. â€Å"Ralph pushed Piggy to one side... Ralph made a step forward and Jack smacked Piggy’s head. â€Å" and a few pages lat er â€Å"Eat! Damn you! He glared at Simon. Take it.† Immediate disrespect arises, not just to Piggy. The wheel of jealousy that is constantly turning each of the boys is another cause towards the breaking apart of the groups. The wheel turns from one person to the next, in an endless loop. When Ralph orders the meeting after they lost track of their first ship, he is confused with his feelings. Ralph sees the boys with the pig, and has mixed emotions with his anger and jealousy. He wants to be part of their lot but is angry that they lost their opportunity to be rescued. The boys start screaming: â€Å"‘Kill the pig. Cut her throat. Bash her in.’ Ralph watched them, envious and resentful. Not till they flagged and the chant died away, did he speak.Im calling an assembly.†Ralph understands that they are turning into savages, and he is even jealous that the boys as a group are embracing the hunting and the killing of the pig . The festivities over the dying pig symbolize a unified action the boys have completed. Ralph is jealous that they have become one unified g roup and himself as the leader was neglected. He is well aware that Jack is beginning to step up and that he needs to bring the order back. His response is toShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies By William Golding869 Words   |  4 PagesLord of the Flies Psychology Sometimes people wear fake personas like a cloak over their shoulders, used to hide what is really underneath. This harsh reality is witnessed in William Golding’s classic Lord of the Flies, a novel that is famous for not only its sickening plot, but also for the emotional breakdowns all of its characters experience. These issues are akin to those shown in certain real-world psychological experiments. A summary of Golding’s Lord of the Flies, combined with the evidenceRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies By William Golding1347 Words   |  6 Pages The theme of The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, is the reason society is flawed is because people are flawed. Although Piggy is knowledgeable, he has many flaws including his laziness and physical inabilities. Ralph is an authority seeker. He sets rules and laws, yet does little to enforce them. Ralph wants to be the ruler, without doing the work to enforce his laws. Jack is persistent. He is rude, harsh and violent in or der to get what he wants. He wants to be supreme. Piggy’s flaws areRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1123 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel Lord of The Flies by William Golding, the characters Ralph, Piggy, and Jack represent important World War II leaders Franklin Roosevelt, Adolf Hitler, and Winston Churchill. Golding, who had served in World War II, was well aware of the savagery created, and used it to base his book on. Ralph represents Franklin Roosevelt , Jack represents Adolf Hitler, and Piggy represents Winston Churchill. Ralph being of the novel’s main protagonist is important in the outcome of the story becauseRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies By William Golding1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lord of the Flies Essay The Lord of the Flies written by William Golding and published on September 17, 1954 is a story told about a group of stranded boys and their fight for survival against the wilderness and themselves. In this story many signs of symbolism are used by Golding to point out certain aspects of society that Golding thought strongly of. This story on first read may just seem to be a survival- esque piece of literature but, on a deeper look one can find Golding’s true motiveRead MoreLord of The Flies by William Golding619 Words   |  2 PagesGovernments are no different; they fight for power just like the rest of us do. They just do it on a much bigger scale. Qualities from Oligarchy, Totalitarianism, Democracy, Dictatorship, and Anarchy governments are used in several parts of Lord of The Flies that represent different characters and different situations. An Oligarchy is a small group of people having control of a country or organization. A Totalitarianism government is a form of government that permits no individual freedom and thatRead MoreThe Lord of the Flies by William Golding1306 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Lord of the Flies, William Golding creates a microcosm that appears to be a utopia after he discharged from the British Royal Navy following World War II. After an emergency landing, Golding places a diverse group of boys on the island that soon turns out to be anything but utopia. The island the boys are on turns out to be an allegorical dystopia with inadequate conditions (Bryfonski 22). The boys reject all lessons they learned from their prior British society, and they turn towards theirRead MoreLord of the Flies by William Golding932 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussing two particular themes from a novel called Lord of the Flies by William Golding. Lord of the Flies was written in 1954 after World War II. Ruler of the Flies is a purposeful anecdote about something that many readers can’t really describe. Individuals cant choose precisely what. Its either about the inalienable underhanded of man, or mental battle, or religion, or personal inclination, or the creators emotions on war; however William Golding was in the Navy throughout World War II, or perhapsRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1383 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Lord of the Flies is still a Blueprint for Savagery by Eleanor Learmonth and Jenny Tabakoff, the words â€Å"I’m afraid. Of us† first appeared in Golding’s novel 60 years ago. Lord of the Flies by William Golding follows a group of schoolboys trapped on an island after a plane crash during a world war. At the beginning, they celebrate as the y have total autonomy as there are no adults around. They attempt to establish a civilization but when order collapses, they go on a journey from civilizationRead MoreLord of the Flies, by William Golding1055 Words   |  5 Pages In William Goldings Lord of the Flies a group of English school boys crash land onto an uninhabited island somewhere in the Mid Atlantic ocean. Ralph, the protagonist and also the elected leader, tries to maintain peace and avoid any calamity on the island. However, Jack is neither willing to contribute nor listen because he is jealous of Ralph and has a sickening obsession with killing boars. Ralph has some good traits that help him maintain peace and balance for a period of time. He is charismaticRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pages Outline Introduction Short intro for Lord of the Flies Short intro on Gangs The bullying and group mentality demonstrated in gangs has resemblances to the characters in Lord of the Flies. II. Bullying/Group mentality Gangs Drugs/Loyalty B. Lord of the flies Jack kills the pig/Jack and Ralph fight III. Effects B. Lord of the flies Jack killing the pig aftermath Violence IV. Conclusion Gangs are considered a group of people that have a common link together

Comparing Presidents of the United States of America Essay

Comparing Presidents of the United States of America Because of their positions in the government and their resulting influential abilities, presidents are either praised for advancing the nation, criticized for not doing anything to help the country, or even making the country’s situation worse. Their success as president is dependent on the success of the country. People don’t take into consideration the attempts presidents make, but only those things that help or hurt the country. This leaves room for there to be a good president who may not accomplish much and a bad president who may accomplish a lot. President Herbert Hoover took office shortly before the Great Depression began, in a time in which the country was doing well.†¦show more content†¦In theory, if everyone were truly looking out for the good of others – if no one were selfish – Hoover’s plan would have worked and brought the country out of the Depression. In 1932, when Franklin Delano Roosevelt took office, the citizens of the United States had possessed sufficient time to realize that they could no longer be proud, but they must take anything they could get. Therefore, the programs set up by FDR’s New Deal program were perfect for the country at the time. These programs helped the people directly, providing relief, recovery, and reform. FDR based his plans on the philosophy of Keynesian economics, where the government spends money to make money. The government gave money and jobs to those in need, who in turn, had money to spend in the marketplace. The demand for products increased, and businesses were able to hire more workers and produce more products, as well as pay more money in taxes. FDR’s plans worked because they gave money not to those who would take advantage of the government, but to those who would use it in the way the government intended it to be used. During FDR’s first term in office alone, the un employment rate dropped 4%. Because of FDR’s success in bringing the country out of the Depression, I give him an A. President Lyndon Baines Johnson continued the ideals of the New Deal by continuing toShow MoreRelatedJeffery Rosen s The Supreme Court1681 Words   |  7 PagesJeffery Rosen’s novel, The Supreme Court: The Personalities and Rivalries that Defined America follows the history of the Supreme Court of the United States through both personal and philosophical rivalries that shaped the transformation of laws and our lives. Rosen shows us the rivalries between justices and their ideologies and how their ideologies have shaped our laws today. Starting in 1952 with President Harry S Truman and ending fifty four years later with the presidency of George W. Bush,Read MoreThe Lead Policy Maker Of The United States Of America Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesThe lead policy maker in the United States of America is President Barack Obama. In his recent speech at the commencement of the United States Air Force Academy, President Obama shared four related to America’s foreign policy an d role in international politics. In his four lessons, the President emphasized themes of power and security, which are the basis for the traditions of liberalism and realism - received emphasis. The writing that follows will analyze President Obama’s themes of intellectualRead MoreLeaving The Nest : The United States1047 Words   |  5 Pagescountries United States and Mexico have established an interesting relationship since their rise of independence. Within this relationship, several differences appear. These nations have had their fair share of struggles; yet both manage to coexist fairly well. When comparing both of these countries on the basis of commerce, education, and political stability the commonalities, discrepancies, and relationships become evident. As well as, the factors for the mass Mexican immigration to the United StatesRead More Comparing the Iroquois Constitution and U.S. Constitution Essay741 Words   |  3 PagesComparing the Iroquois Constitution an d U.S. Constitution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Constitutions of both the Iroquois and the United States have similarities and differences between them. The Iroquois constitution came earlier in history than the U.S one did. Some of the same ideas that were in the Iroquois’ constitution were carried over to some of the ideas that we use in our government today. In this paper I will compare and contrast these ideas as they relate with one another. Ideas like Vito Power, WhenRead MoreThe U.S. Constitution Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pagesrules by which a society is governed. Throughout the course of history the United States has lived under two Constitutions since the British-American colonies declared their independence from Great Britain in 1776. First in line was the Articles of Confederation (1789-1789) followed by the Constitution of United States of America (1789-present). The Articles of Confederation was the first formal written Constitution of America that specified how the national government was to operate. UnfortunatelyRead MoreWhat Is The Difference Between Lithuania And The American Constitution906 Words   |  4 PagesTo start off with this project I will be comparing Lithuania and the American Constitution and seeing what is different and what is the same. I chose to do this country because I wanted to do one that I didnt really know a lot about so that when I research about it I would be able to learn more. For Lithuania, their constitution was written in 1992 but was revised in 2006 and the American constitution was written in 1789 but was revised in 2014. First about the Lithuanian constitution in the preambleRead MoreHistory And History Of Haiti810 Words   |  4 PagesCelucien Joseph, a professor at Indian River State College, best explains the modern scholarship in historiography of Haiti with his following statement, â€Å"The scholarship that does exist focuses on class and race structures, resistance of the enslaved and marronage, economic and political forces, and Toussaint Louverture.† Professor Joseph is recognizing the modern development by historians concerning the historiography of Haiti unlike the past, where Haiti was ignored and downplayed as an importantRead MoreDemocracy Vs American Democracy973 Words   |  4 Pageseveryone is born equal. People not only have power in democracy but also have a responsibility to the society. In addition, democracy relates with Constitutions and election. There are a lot of democracy societies except the United States. As a democratic country, the United States and Canada hav e similar political and rules, but still have differences. Thomas Paine, who was an English-born American political activist, considered that human beings have two rights which are in-born rights and civilRead MoreForeign Affairs And The Pursuit Of Liberty Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesForeign Affairs and the Pursuit of Liberty Should America strengthen ties in foreign nations, or remain neutral when external conflict arises? This question has faced every United States President who has served, and will continue to stare the chief executive in the face. Whichever way the United States decides, neutrality or involvement, there are certain pitfalls and triumphs that come from either decision, but in some incidents the wrong decision can be detrimental. At the start of the nationRead MoreElectoral College Function809 Words   |  4 Pagesprimary purpose is to offer a compromise between the election of the president by a popular vote of competent citizens and determination of the president by a vote in Congress (Jost and Giroux 44). The second purpose for its formation was to be part of the organization of government that gave special authority to the smaller states. Why was it created and by whom? The Electoral College is made up 538 voters of whom to elect the head of state, a majority of 270 electoral votes is needed in order for the

`` Word Is Out `` By Nancy Adair And Casey Adair - 1528 Words

LGBT history has changed the way society works in the United States and has had an impact around the world. The homosexual community came as an impact to the world during the early 1900’s. They were considered different; odd, ill, and weak, but little did we know the effects it would have in today’s society and politics. The war, queer, and AIDs movements seem to relatively impact members of the gay and lesbian community the most. In an series of interviews in â€Å"Word is Out† conducted by Nancy Adair and Casey Adair, the reader is introduced into the lives of Pam, Rusty, and Pat; lesbian women living within their true identity during the mid-1900’s. Their stories consist of broken family relationships, marriage failure, and gender roles. To help one understand the dynamics of their relationships and lives, John D’Emilo talks about the effects of war and how it structures and damages the gay community and their opportunity for equality. Elizabeth Davis speaks about the Lesbian experience in public spaces that exposes many to find their character by associating with those that fit best to their community in â€Å"Lesbian Bar Culture in the 1930’s and 1940’s†. The LGBT community for centuries has won the spotlight in the news and many articles published in well know newspapers, but what many never get to hear or see are the struggle that many homosexuals face. Both gays and lesbians in the United States have received backlash because of their race, gender, and social class. TheShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesxi Questions for Review 192 Experiential Exercise Biases in Decision Making 193 Ethical Dilemma Do Unethical Decisions Come from Bad Character? 193 Case Incident 1 Computerized Decision Making 194 Case Incident 2 Predictions That Didn’t Quite Pan Out 195 7 Motivation Concepts 201 Defining Motivation 202 Early Theories of Motivation 203 Hierarchy of Needs Theory 203 †¢ Theory X and Theory Y 205 †¢ Two-Factor Theory 205 †¢ McClelland’s Theory of Needs 207 Contemporary Theories of Motivation

Auditing and Assurance for Transparency and Accountability

Question: Discuss about theAuditing and Assurance for Transparency and Accountability. Answer: Introduction. Auditing and assurance is a very critical aspect in development and accountability of any company or a firm. It is a key aspect in management of all undertakings in achieving a complete firm in terms of transparency and accountability. The purpose of this report is to critically analyze key steps in planning the new client of one of the company listed under Australian security exchange. According to the standards set by auditing and assurance requirements, financial records and data need to be fully scrutinized in order to assess the viability and vulnerability of a particular company in terms of financial management and resource allocations. This is typically done by calculation of financial ratios of a company. The present and most recent financial recorded documented in annual reports are very useful in audit process. As a senior auditor in the firm of NY partners aim at forming a team of auditors to assess the new clients audit by use research analysis and computation of financia l ratios. This report aim at critically analyzing AFT Pharmaceuticals Limited(Chopra, 2012). This is one of the companies listed under Australian Security Exchange with ASX code ACW and GICS industry group of pharmaceuticals, biotechnology and life science. Therefore my team of auditors aims at analyzing annual reports of this company so as to scrutinize the new clients audit. Steps in planning the new clients audit. Typically, there are four main steps in planning the new clients audit. These procedures will form a clear base of an audit process in relation to clients expectations for his or her company or firm for this case. These steps include acceptance of client and performance of initial audit process, understanding the business and industry of the client, assessment of client business risk and performance of preliminaries analytical procedures. Auditing process involves audit planning, control and recording (ISO 300) that will form basis of these four steps. Acceptance of client and performance of initial audit planning. This is a very crucial procedure in audit planning. The main reason for this step involves accepting the client need for conducting auditing process. It is a fact that many companies limit the auditing of their companies for no apparent reasons. They fear auditing their companies as if they are anticipating some irregular and illegal undertakings within their firms that need not be revealed. Therefore accepting the clients wish to audit their companies is a very great progress for auditing firms. An initial audit planning need to be performed to as to form as base line of what to be anticipated in the entire audit process of the company(Nickels, 2015). For the purpose of this report, audit planning typically means development of a general strategy with highly documented approach for anticipated nature, timing and expected extent of the audit. For this case, the senior auditor need to brief his team so as to plan their work to enable the team in conducting effective audit in a timely manner with a lot of efficiency. This step will be included in auditing AFT Pharmaceuticals Limited. In addition, the form and nature of performance of initial audit planning will be affected highly by the complexity and size of the company (Bragg, 2015). AFT Pharmaceuticals Limited is a complex company with huge commercial environment of operation. Therefore, performance of initial audit planning process involves well established methods of processing transactions and significant reporting of requirements to which AFT Pharmaceuticals limited or the new clients is subjected to. Advantages of accepting the client and performance of initial audit planning. A good audit planning enhances proper division of labor and specialization between the interim and the final audit. This is very important in eliminating any repetition of tasks that have been done. It also put into consideration times in which information is needed for audit plan(Saloner, 2009). This will promote cooperation by limiting disruptions of clients work. Again, it assists in completion of work via efficient use of time and acute allocation of tasks to audit team. It enhances devotion of attention to crucial audit areas by identification of potential problematic areas within the audit affecting a particular client. It also helps ion active utilization of junior auditors in coordination of tasks done by senior auditor and other team members. It helps in control and direction of audit tasks by senior auditor. Lastly, it brings forth the anticipated channels of attaining the objectives of the audit. Understanding the clients business and industry. This step is crucial in audit planning. To have proper scrutinization of audit of any client, the business enterprise and industry ventured is of great importance. This will help the audit team in understanding the various terminologies in preparation of annual reports to avoid any loophole during the actual audit process(Wild, 2014). It is also important in understanding the standard rules and regulations bidding that particular business or industry. This will enable audit team to understand quality control and to conduct peer review. For the purpose of this step, quality control is described as procedures and policies that are critically put into consideration by the auditor to make sure that the audit conducted by the audit team adheres to the quality standards established by the accounting profession as well as quality standards of audit firm. Like in this case AFT Pharmaceuticals Limited deals with biotechnology and pharmaceuticals. Therefore the auditor will prepare on that field. Therefore, by knowing quality control and peer review concerning the client business and industry, an independent review based on auditing practices and accounting standards will be conducted by audit firm (Miller, 2015). This section also indicates the various sources of information on clients nature of business and industry. Various sources of information on clients nature of business and industry. It is important for audit team to obtain an understanding concerning the information systems of any client. This would include the related business and industry process as well as all the relevant financial reports in annual report. This is clearly asserted by ISA 315. Therefore, in order to perform an audit of financial records, audit team need to obtain knowledge on clients business and industry so as to understand transactions, events and practices that brings significant effects on those financial records or audit report generated from audit team judgment(McGregor, 2016). Before accepting an engagement, it is very important for audit team to obtain a preliminary knowledge of the industry ventured by the client and any management, ownership as well as operations of business entity under audit. To fully understand clients business and industry, the following sources are very important and relevant. Business and industry experience in the previous proceedings. Engaging into discussion with community within the business. Researching information from other auditors and legal advisors who have provided services to the business previously. Scrutinizing publications and various journals of the industry and the business entity. Visits to plant facilities and any other relevant places of business. Scrutinizing all relevant documents including budgets, operations and system manuals, annual financial reports as well as minutes of meeting conducted within the auditing timing. Finally, it is a duty of senior auditor to ensure that audit assistants obtain any relevant and enough knowledge of clients industry and business entity so as to carry out delegated tasks. Assessing clients business risk. It is important to assess the business risks of clients in planning audit process so as to include those risks in the audit report. In assessing the clients business risk, senior auditor needs to set out audit approach to indicate how financial records need to be audited within the budget of audit work. It is important to get a summary indicating full terms of engagements that are highly needed to set out the nature of audit to be conducted by audit team(Arens, 2016). Again, a time schedule needs to be provided indicating preferred dates of the timing of the audit. In that case, risks need to be assesses by recording any changes concerning a particular client since the last audit was conducted. The AFT Pharmaceuticals Limited will be subjected to risks of medical regulations and diagnosis of various terminal illnesses. There will be financial report on the same by AFT Pharmaceuticals Limited. Audit assistant need to gather information about the client and details of clients contracts. In assessing clients business risk, there are difficulties faced in implementation of audit plan. The firm may have numerous clients with corresponding year ends. This risk makes allocation of audit team difficult as well as timing required. Any abrupt shifts in the business and industry of the client need more allocation of time that need to allocate outside the planned time. Some clients lack co-operation by declining to offer necessary information and explanations in appropriate time(Loughran, 2010). This will place the clients business in risks. Lastly, there could be shortages of audit staffs due to low turnover during the actual audit process. This will affect the timing of the arranged audit thus putting the clients business into risks. Performing preliminary analytical procedures. This is the very last step in planning a new clients audit. However, it is very crucial as well. In carrying out preliminary analytical procedures and in planning audit of a new client, the senior auditor together with his audit team needs to carry out a set of procedures(Fletcher, 2012). They are analyzed into detailed chronological ways. The auditor and his time should carry out a preliminary review of the client and his business entity. This procedure will involve gathering a clear understanding of the nature of the clients industry and business entities. The audit team need to engage into a discussion with management with an aim of obtaining an understanding of their structure and a clear realization of the current circumstances in operations of the client and other aspects that would critically impact the internal control system and accounting standards of the new client. There should be appropriate and effective communication with previous auditor of the client so as to gather information that seems relevant to the audit of the new client. It is also good to gather preliminary understanding of the nature of the clients accounting and internal control system(Whittington, 2015). This will highly help in finding out the level by which the auditor will depend on the internal control system of the client. The audit team needs to put into considerations any legislations and accounting standards that could have implications towards the new clients audit. The senior auditor needs to scrutinize the nature and timing of reports and relevant communications of the client so as to accommodate the timings in the audit plan. The senior auditor needs to find out the number of audit team members need and the timing of the audit visit. Lastly, the senior auditor need to prepare an audit planning memorandum that sum up the scope of the tasks under the engagement and the strategic plan to be cultivated so as to meet the clients requirements. Australian Security Exchange listed company under analysis. The company under analysis in this section is AFT Pharmaceuticals Limited. This is one of the companies listed under Australian Security Exchange with ASX code ACW and GICS industry group of pharmaceuticals, biotechnology and life science(Daft, 2015). Therefore my team of auditors aims at analyzing annual reports of this company so as to scrutinize the new clients audit. By use of most recent annual reports, the team wishes to calculate the financial ratios under consideration. The assessment of the new firm by researching information from academic sources, news, and newspaper and industry magazine will be used to generate the annual reports of AFT Pharmaceuticals Limited. The team has extracted the financial record of AFT Pharmaceuticals Limited so as to calculate the related financial ratios. The financial entries of AFT Pharmaceuticals Limited as at 31st December 2016. Item Amount Current assets 400,000 Current liabilities 320,000 Stock 200,000 Total long term debt 320,000 Capital employed 650,000 Gross profit 280,000 Sales 1,200,000 Earnings attributed to equity shareholders 960,600 Equity 1,460,000 Credit sales 840,000 Average debtors 360,000 Credit purchases 720,000 Average creditors 260,000 From the above entries extracted from annual report of AFT Pharmaceuticals Limited, the following ratios are calculated. Current ratio = current assetscurrent liabilities. 400,000320,000 = 1.17647059. The interpretation of this ratio is that AFT Pharmaceuticals Limited has more current assets than liabilities thus high ability to meet short term maturity obligations as and when they fall due. Acid test ratio = (current asset stock) current liabilities = (400,000-200,000) 320,000 = 0.625. The interpretation of this ratio indicates that the company is in poor liquidity position when stocks form most of the total current assets. Debt ratio = (total long term debt capital employed) 100 = (320,000 650,000) 100 = 49%. A company is highly geared if the debt ratio is more than 50%. The 49% indicate that the company is partly geared. Gross profit margin = (gross profit sales) 100 = (280,000 1,200,000) 100 = 23.3333. The interpretation indicates that the company cost of production has been controlled perfectly in relation to distribution and administration costs. Return on equity = (earning attributed to equity shareholder equity) 100 = (960,600 1,460,000) 100 = 65.79. This value indicates high efficiency by which AFT company other suppliers funds generate returns to shareholders. Debtors turnover = credit sales average debtors = 840,000 360,000 = 2.3333. This ratio indicates number of times debtors pay within the year. There is high efficient management of credit by the company. Creditors turnover = credit purchases average creditors = 720,000 260,000 = 2.769. The interpretation of the ratio shows that creditors are paid approximately three times by the company during the year. The above represent the required financial ratios as at 31st December 2016 extracted from AFT Pharmaceuticals Limited annual reports. Audit tests. There are audit tests that need to be performed when handling audit and evidence collection. Inspection: this involves examination of tangible assets, documents and financial and annual records for purpose of audit process. Observation: this is based on analyzing procedures that are performed by other auditors such as counting of stock of client personnel. Inquiry and confirmation: this involves gathering information from the company such as debtor circularization. Recalculation and re-performance: it is concerned on scrutinization of arithmetic accuracy of accounting records by performance of independent calculations. Analytical procedure: this indicates consistency between financial data and anticipated patterns under investigation. Conclusion. In conclusion, the audit team is now in a position to plan the new client audit. This process is very important in ascertaining the accountability of companies and firms on maintaining tenacity in their methods of operation and promote adherence to the set accounting and auditing and assurance standards altogether. References. Arens, A.A. (2016). Auditing and Assurance Services, Student Value Edition. Pearson. Bragg, S.M. (2015). Accounting for Inventory. Accounting Tools. Chopra, S. (2012). Supply Chain Management. Pearson Education. Daft, R.L. (2015). Management. South Western College Pub. Fletcher, F. (2012). Business Problem Solving. Routledge. Loughran, M. (2010). Auditing For Dummies. For Dummies. McGregor, D. (2016). The Human Side of Enterprise. McGraw-Hill Education. Miller, T.L. (2015). Horngrens Financial and Management Accounting. Pearson. Nickels, G.W. (2015). Understanding Business (Irwin Introduction to Business). McGraw-Hill Education. Saloner, G. (2009). Strategic Management. Wiley Publishers. Whittington, R. (2015). Principles of Auditing Other Assurance Services (Irwin Accounting). Rental Book. McGraw-Hill Education. Wild, J.J. (2014). Fundamental Accounting Principles Handcover. McGraw-Hill Education.