Various Steps Involved in Combustion of Thermal Power Plant

Question: Choose a country, briefly name the country in which the powere plant is situated and where the coal is gotten and how it is transported to the plant in the introduction. Answer: Various steps involved in combustion of thermal power plant: - Step 1: Mining of coal-Coal is mined from the ground by labors and machiners. Step 2: Transportation of coal -Mined coal is transported by trucks, trains, and trolleys etc. to the thermal power plant location and stored in an open space area. Step 3: Drying of coal-The coal is dried so that the moisture content of the coal can be eliminated or reduced to the minimum possible level. Step 4: Crushing of coal-The coal is then crushed into small pieces in the coal crushers. Step 5: Pulverizing of coal-The crushed coal is then pulverized into finer powder to increase its surface area so that more coal will be exposed to the air and the coal powder will burn easily. Step 6: Combustion of coal-The powder is blown into the combustion chamber at very high temperatures. Step 7: Steam generation-The hot gases and heat produced by the combustion converts the water into steam from the water chamber. Step 8: The generated steam is then forwarded into a turbine which contains propeller blades; steam causes blades to move a very high speed. Step 9: A generator is placed at the end of the turbine and there very tight wire coils are present, electricity will be produced when these coils rotate at very high speed. Step 10: The generated electricity is sent through grid lines to the substations. The arrangement of various equipments of a coal fired thermal power plant- Image: General layout of a thermal power plant The various parts of the thermal power plant are- Cooling loom Cooling water drive Conduction line up Step-up transformer Electricity producer Low pressure steam turbine Condensate drive exterior condenser transitional pressure steam turbine Steam be in charge valve High pressure steam turbine Desecrator Feed water warmer Coal conveyor Coal hopper Coal pulverizes Boiler steam drum Bottom ash hopper Super heater Forced draught fan Re-heater Combustion air intake Economizer Air pre-heater Precipitator Induced draught fan Flue gas stack Global power generation and process flow diagram of a power plant: - Coal theater a very important accountability in electricity production universally. Coal-fired power plants at present fuel 41% of international electrical energy. In some countries, coal fuels a advanced proportion of electrical energy. In South Africa 93% of the electricity is produced from the coal. Coal is first broken up to a fine powder, which increases the surface area and allows it to burn more quickly. In these pulverized coal combustion (PCC) systems, the powdered coal is blown into the combustion chamber of a boiler where it is burnt at high temperature (see diagram below). The hot gases and heat energy produced converts water in tubes lining the boiler into steam. Image: Process flow diagram of power plant The elevated pressure steam is conceded into a turbine containing thousands of propeller-like blades. The steam pushes these blades causing the turbine shaft to revolve at soaring velocity. A generator is mounted at one end of the turbine shaft and consists of suspiciously abrasion wire coils. Electrical energy is generated when these are quickly rotated in a physically powerful magnetic turf. Subsequent to transitory from first to last the turbine, the steam is condensed and returned to the cistern to be frenzied just the once again. The electrical energy generated is altered into the privileged voltages (up-to 400,000 volts) used for financial, competent conduction via supremacy line grids. When it nears the summit of expenditure, such as our homes, the electrical energy is altered down to the safer 220-240voltage systems used in the domestic promote. There are basically two types of transmission systems- Overhead transmission system: - High-voltage overhead conductors are not covered by insulation. The conductor material is nearly always an aluminum alloy, made into several strands and possibly reinforced with steel strands. Copper was sometimes used for overhead transmission, but aluminum is lighter, yields only marginally reduced performance and costs much less. Overhead conductors are a commodity supplied by several companies worldwide. Improved conductor material and shapes are regularly used to allow increased capacity and modernize transmission circuits. Conductor sizes range from 12 mm2 (#6 south african wire gauge) to 750 mm2 with changeable resistance and current-carrying capacity. Thicker wires would escort to a comparatively minute increase in capability due to the pelt consequence that causes most of the current to run close to the exterior of the wire. Because of this current restriction, numerous analogous cables are used when superior capability is desirable. Package c onductors are also used at elevated voltages to diminish power thrashing caused by aura emancipation. Underground transmission system: - Electric power can also be transmitted by underground power cables instead of overhead power lines. Underground cables take up less right-of-way than overhead lines, have lower visibility, and are less affected by bad weather. However, costs of insulated cable and excavation are much higher than overhead construction. Faults in buried transmission lines take longer to locate and repair. Underground lines are strictly limited by their thermal capacity, which permits fewer overloads or re-rating than overhead lines. Elongated alternative AC cables have considerable capacitance, which may decrease their capacity to make accessible useful power to loads further than 50 miles. Elongated antiestablishment DC cables have no such concern and are capable of run for thousands of miles. Conclusion: - In South Africa most of the electricity is generated through the thermal power plants (coal is the basic source of electricity production). Water is the essential thing to be presented at the thermal power plant site. The site should be located at such place where the transportation can be done easily and the generated electricity can be transferred to substations of towns/cities without much difficulty. 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